A Retrospective Evaluation of the CBPR Model: Crisis Communication Synergy in Bandung’s Vaccination

Dr. Kartika Singarimbun

doi:10.37535/105005220261

Authors

Dr. Kartika Singarimbun LSPR, lecturer

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37535/105005220261

Keywords:

crisis communication, CBPR, two-step flow, vaccine hesitancy, opinion leaders, public relations

Abstract

The COVID-19 health crisis required a fundamental shift in governmental crisis communication from a top-down command style to a participatory framework embracing citizens. Utilizing a single explanatory case study design, this qualitative research examines the efficacy of integrating Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) with the Two-Step Flow of Communication Theory to mitigate vaccine hesitancy during Level 4 Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) in Sumur Bandung District, Bandung City (August 2021–February 2022). Data collection involved field observations, in-depth interviews with eleven key stakeholders, and official document reviews, validated via data triangulation and member-checking. The study reveals that severe operational overload at primary health centers (Puskesmas) initially created convenience barriers for residents. These bottlenecks were resolved through a cross-sectoral coalition combining sub-district authorities, military-police personnel, and local opinion leaders (religious figures, family welfare cadres, ethnic groups, and youth organizations). These actors translated rigid clinical messages into flexible everyday narratives, effectively alleviating frustration, anxiety, and halal-related doubts. Achieving herd immunity relied on balancing persuasive appeals, social welfare incentives, measured enforcement, and external nudges like travel mandates under Inmendagri No. 24/2021. Theoretically, this study enriches crisis communication literature in developing nations by synthesizing CBPR and Two-Step Flow principles. Practically, it presents an actionable, community-partnered framework to foster public health resilience in future emergencies.

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